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Title
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Surgical treatment
• Carotid to subclavian bypass
– Synthetic grafts better patency than vein
– Long term patency approaches 90%
– Very low morbidity operation
• Subclavian to carotid transpo ition
– Avoids synthetic material
– Requires a bit more dissection of proximal
subclavian artery (preserves prograde flow
into the vertebral and internal mammary)
– Long term patency approaches 100%